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Correlation of cerebrovascular symptoms and microembolic signals with the stratified gray-scale median analysis and color mapping of the carotid plaque.

Sztajzel R, Momjian-Mayor I, Comelli M, Momjian S

Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva and Medical School, Switzerland. Roman.Sztajzel@hcuge.ch

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To determine whether a stratified gray-scale median (GSM) analysis of the carotid plaque combined with color mapping correlated better with the presence of neurological symptoms and microembolic signals (MES) than a whole plaque measurement. METHODS: A total of 131 patients presenting 167 carotid stenoses between 30% and 99% were analyzed by ultrasound. Emboli detection was performed by transcranial Doppler. For each plaque, the GSM values at depth 0 mm (surface) and at one third (30) and one half (50) of the plaque thickness were compared with the values obtained for the whole plaque. The plaque pixels were mapped into 3 colors: red, yellow and green, depending on their GSM value. RESULTS: Mean GSM values were lower among symptomatic plaques, but a statistically significant difference between values of the whole plaque and those of the surface was obtained only for MES+ stenoses (P<0.01). In a proportional odds logistic regression model based on 4 subgroups with an increasing clinical risk (MES-/symptoms-; MES-/symptoms+; MES+/symptoms-; +; MES+/symptoms+), low mean GSM values and the predominant red color at the surface were independent factors associated with the presence of symptoms or MES (P<0.0005). Furthermore, compared with a whole plaque measurement, analysis of the surface values predicted systematically with a greater sensitivity and specificity (receiver operating characteristic curves) each one of these 4 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Low mean GSM values and predominance of the red color at the surface correlated with most of the symptomatic or MES+ stenoses. This combined approach should be further investigated in a longitudinal study.

Published 28 February 2006 in Stroke, 37(3): 824-9.
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