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The Suzuki homocoupling reaction under high-intensity ultrasound.

Cravotto G, Palmisano G, Tollari S, Nano GM, Penoni A

Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy. giancarlo.cravotto@unito.it

The Pd-catalysed Suzuki homocoupling of boronic acids was successfully carried out in water under high-intensity ultrasound (HIU). Heterogeneous catalysis with Pd/C, facilitating work up and purification, could be used without adding phosphine ligands. Reaction rates and yields were strongly influenced by the oxidant employed; excellent results were obtained using either molecular oxygen or 3-bromo-4-hydroxycoumarin. 3-Arylation of the latter with the Suzuki procedure had failed, exclusively affording the homocoupling products, symmetric biaryls. Besides offering a number of operational advantages, the use of HIU broadens the field of application for the Suzuki reaction.

Published 11 October 2004 in Ultrason Sonochem, 12(1): 91-4.
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